The Structure and Functions of Plant Parts

1. Name any four flowering plants. Also give the colours of the flowers of these plants.

• Rose - Red 

• Marigold - Yellow

• Mustard - Yellow

• Evergreen - Purple

2. Which plant system develops below the soil? Name the main parts of this system.

The root system of a plant develops below the soil. It consists of a root and its branches.

3. Name a plant that has a primary root.

Carrots have primary root.

4. What type of root is found in grasses?

Fibrous root is found in grasses..

5. Give two important functions of the root system.

• It absorbs water and minerals from the soil.

• It prevents soil erosion.

• It provides support to the plant. n

6. Name any two storage roots.

Carrot and radish are two storage roots.

7. Turnips and carrots are modified roots. Give one point of difference between the two.

Turnips have a napiform root while carrots have a conical root.

8. How are prop roots useful to plants?

Prop roots provide mechanical support to the tree by forming pillar-like structure on touching the ground.

9. List the functions of the stem

• Stem provides support to the plant

• It conducts water and minerals absorbed by the roots to all plant parts.

• It transports food from the leaves to all plant parts.

• It stores water in desert plants like cactus. 

10.  Define

1. Node - the places on the stem where the leaves grow.

2. Internode -  the portion of the stem between two nodes.

11. Name any four underground stems. Do they have nodes and internodes?

Onion, potato, ginger and garlic are underground stems. Yes, they have nodes and internodes.

12. Give examples of two plants that have thorns.

Lemon, duranta and bougainvillea  have thorns.

13. What are stem tendrils? Give examples.

A stem tendril is the part of a climbing plant that attaches itself to an object for support. Example - money plant and grapevine.

14. Give one example of a climbing stem.

Morning glory is a climbing stem.

15. What is venation? Name its two types. What is the difference between the two types of venation?

The arrangement of veins and veinlets on the leaf blade is known as venation. There are two types of venation:

	Parallel Venation	Reticulate Venation
1	Veins run parallel to each other	Veins form an irregular network of veinlets.
2	Example - banana	Example - mango
3

16. Name the two types of leaves. Also give four examples of each.

The two types of leaves are:

1. Simple leaves -  For example Mango, Papaya Guava and Banyan leaves.

2. Compound leaves -  For example  Rose, Neem, Gulmohar and Curry leaves.

17. What is meant by the arrangement of leaves?

The leaves are arranged on the stem or branch such that their maximum surface is exposed to sunlight for photosynthesis. This is called the arrangement of leaves.

18. How many kinds of arrangement of leaves are found in plants? Name these arrangements with examples.

There are three kinds of arrangement of leaves found in plants:

• Alternate - For  example, sunflower and mustard.

• Opposite - For example,  guava

• Whorled - For example, Nerium

19. What is the main function of leaves?

The main function of leaves is to produce food for the plant by photosynthesis. They also help in transpiration and respiration

20. Why do leaves of certain plants modify into spines? Give a plant that has leaf spines.

Leaves of some plants are modified into spines to reduce water loss by transpiration. For example, Cactus or Opuntia.

21. Name the male part of the flower.

Androecium is the male part of a flower.

22. What are pollen grains? Where are they produced in the flower?

Pollen grains are the male reproductive units containing male gametes. They are produced in the anthers of a stamen.

23. Name the part of the flower which is composed of stigma, style and ovary. Is it a male or female structure?

Carpel consists of stigma, style and ovary. It is a female structure.

24. What is meant by the term pollination?

The process of transfer of pollen grains from anther of a flower to the stigma of the same or another flower is called pollination.

25. Name the types of pollination.

 There are two types of pollination:

• Self pollination

• Cross pollination

26. In a flower, pollen grains are transferred to the stigma of the same flower. What kind of pollination is it?

It is self pollination.

27. Name the various agents through which pollination curse.

Various agents of pollination are:

• wind

• Water and

• insects

28.  Give one example of pollination by:

1. Wind - Maize and Wheat

2. Water - Hydrilla and Vallisneria

3. Insect - Orchid and Harsingar

29.  What is the function of

1.  Sepals - they protect the young flower bud

2.  Petals - they attract insects for pollination and protect the inner whorls of the flower.

30. What is meant by the term fertilisation?

The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote is called fertilisation.

31. How is a fruit produced?

After fertilisation, the ovary of a flower develops into fruit.

32. What is seed dispersal? Why is it important for plants?

The process of scattering of seeds by natural agents like wind, water, animals and birds is called dispersal of seeds.

If the seeds are not dispersed, they will fall underneath or near the parent plant. This will lead to overcrowding of young plants. There will be a competition for light, water and nutrients. This will hamper their proper growth. Hence, seed dispersal away from the parent plant is important.

33. Give two examples of each of the following:

1.  seed dispersal by wind - Cotton and Dandelion

2.  seed dispersal by animals - Xanthium and goose grass

3.  seed dispersal by water - Coconut and Lotus

34. Fill in the blanks. Choose the right words from the brackets:

1. The  part of the plant under the ground is called_________ ( root/ shoot)

2. The  part of the plant  above the ground is called_________ ( root/ shoot)

3. _________ are the kitchen green plants. ( stem/ leaves)

4.  The_____________  holds the plant upper right. ( root/shoot)

5.  The ovary contains__________. ( pollen grain/ovules)

6.  The ovary turns into a_________________. (fruit/  seed)

35.  State True or False:

1. The stem fixes the plant to the soil. False

2.  The root holds the plant erect. False

3.  Tomato is a seed. False

4.  Mango has no seed. False

5.  Grass has fibrous roots. True

6.  Fertilisation is followed by pollination. False