Food and its Deficiency Diseases | Class 5 | Science

 1. Tick the correct answers:

a.     Most vitamins are destroyed by

                                   i.     Cooking         ii. Overcooking           iii. Undercooking        iv. Not cooking

b.     Amla is a rich source of

                                   i.     Vitamin A      ii. Vitamin B                 iii. Vitamin C               iv. Vitamin D

c.      Deficiency of Vitamin D causes

                                   i.     Cracks at the corner of mouth         ii. Dull and lusture-less eyes

                                iii.     Deformities in bones                       iv. Dry and scaly skin

d.     The ‘salad’ we take with food, acts as

                                   i.     Roughage      ii. Proteins                   iii. carbohydrates        iv. Fats

e.     Yellow fruits and vegetables are rich sources of

                                   i.     Vitamin A      ii. Vitamin B                 iii. Vitamin C                iv. Vitamin D

Answers: a – ii      b – iii   c – iii    d – i     e - i

2.     State True or False:

a.     Eating bhindi makes us a good mathematician.                             False

b.     Proteins are the building blocks in our body.                                 True

c.      Grapes are more nutritious than spinach as it costs more.           False

d.     For an infant, mother’s milk is the best.                                         True

e.     Proteins provide energy in our body.                                              False

f.      A female needs more energy than a male.                                     False

g.     Young children require more protein in their diet than an old person. True

h.     Costlier food are more nutritious than cheaper food.                   False

i.       Roughage is not digested in our body.                                            True

j.       Non vegetarian diet has more carbohydrate than a vegetarian diet.     False

k.     A clerk needs more food than a labourer.                                     False

l.       Papaya is a rich source of Vitamin A.                                              True

m.   Vitamin C is also known as sunshine vitamin.                                False

n.     Breast feeding is not good for a baby.                                            False

3.     Match the following:

1)     Protein                                    (a) Vitamin D

2)     Water                                      (b) Keeps us free from diseases

3)     Vitamin                                   (c)Vitamin C

4)     Night Blindness                      (d) A very good solvent

5)     Beri-beri                                  (e) Vitamin A

6)     Scurvy                                     (f) Building blocks in our food

7)     Rickets                                    (g) Vitamin B

Answers:    1) – (f)       2) – (d)            3) – (b)            4) – (e)             5) – (g) 6) – (c) 7) – (a)

4.     Expand ICMR.

Indian Council of Medical Research

5.     Define the following:

a.     Deficiency Diseases – Diseases caused due to lack of some essential nutrients.

b.     Malnutrition – Lack of essential elements necessary for health, in the diet.

c.      Vitamins – Nutrients present in small quantities in the diet, that keep us healthy and free from diseases.

d.     Night Blindness – Vitamin A deficiency disease in which a person feels difficulty in seeing in dim light.

e.     Beri-Beri – Vitamin B deficiency disease.

f.       Scurvy – Vitamin C deficiency disease.

g.     Rickets – Vitamin D deficiency disease.

h.     Anemia – Iron deficiency disease.

6.     Where do we get roughage from?

We get roughage from green leafy vegetables, fruits and salads.

7.     What are the factors that determine the nutrient requirement of our body?

Nutrient requirement of our body depends on the following factors:

a.     Age of a person

b.     Gender of a person

c.      Nature of work

8.     List the qualities of a balanced diet.

a.     It must be rich in various essential nutrients.

b.     It should provide just enough raw materials needed for the growth, development and repair of our body tissues and to keep the body healthy and strong.

c.      It should provide the necessary energy required by the body for daily work.

9.     Why do growing children generally suffer from protein deficiency?

Growing children generally suffer from protein deficiency because of

a.     Poverty

b.     Ignorance

c.      Unawareness

10.  Name some vitamins present in our food.

a.     Vitamin A

b.     Vitamin B

c.      Vitamin C and

d.     Vitamin D

11.  List the symptoms of deficiency of Vitamin A

a.     Difficulty in seeing in dim light.

b.     Dull eyes

c.      Bitot’s spot in eyes

d.     Dry and scaly skin

12.  What is bitot’s spot?

It is the presence of white triangular patches in the white portion of the eye. It is caused due the deficiency of vitamin A.

 

13.  List some source of vitamin A

a.     Plant sources

                                   i.     Dark green leafy vegetables like palak, cholai and methi

                                  ii.     Yellow fruits like oranges and papaya

                                iii.     Yellow vegetables like orange and pumpkin.

b.     Animal Sources – Eggs and liver, fish oil, milk and milk products.

14.  How can we prevent blindness in children?

Children should be given Vitamin A drops twice a year, for the first three years.

15.  List the symptoms of deficiency of Vitamin B

a.     Cracks at the corner of mouth

b.     Red and raw tongue

c.      Pain and loss of sensation in the limbs

d.     Rough, dry and scaly skin of hands.

e.     Loss of appetite

16.  List some source of vitamin B

a.     Plant sources – sprouted pulses and green leafy beans.

b.     Animal sources – egg, liver, meat, fish, milk and milk products.

17.  List the symptoms of deficiency of Vitamin C

a.     Bleeding gums

b.     Loose teeth

c.      Cavity of gums

18.  List some source of vitamin C.

Amla, lemon, orange, sprouted gram, green coriander, tomato, mango and mint leaves are some good sources of Vitamin C.

19.  Why is vitamin D called the sunshine vitamin?

Vitamin D called the sunshine vitamin because it is synthesized by the skin, when we sit in the morning sun.

 

20.  List the symptoms of deficiency of Vitamin D

a.     Deformities in the bones

b.     Bowed legs

21.  List some source of vitamin D.

Food rich in vitamin D are butter, ghee, groundnut oil, eggs and meat.

22.  Why should we avoid overcooking?

We should avoid overcooking because most vitamins are destroyed by overcooking.

23.  List some source of minerals.

Green and leafy vegetables provide us minerals.

24.  List the result of the following:

a.     Deficiency of iron – Anemia

b.     Deficiency of calcium – Weakening of bones and teeth

c.      Deficiency of iodine – Goitre

d.     Deficiency of Vitamin A – Night blindness

e.     Deficiency of Vitamin B – Beri-Beri

f.       Deficiency of Vitamin C - Scurvy

g.     Deficiency of Vitamin D - Rickets

 

25.  Why is food essential for our body?

Food is essential for our body because it

a.     Helps us to grow.

b.     Gives us energy to do work.

c.      Protects us from various diseases and keeps us healthy and strong.

d.     Helps us to repair damaged cells of the body.

26.  Name the various nutrients present in the food we eat.

The various nutrients present in the food we eat food are:

a.     Carbohydrates

b.     Fats

c.      Proteins

d.     Vitamins and

e.     Minerals

Apart from nutrients, roughage and water are also essential for our body.

27.  What is roughage? Give its importance in our food?

Roughage is the bulk of food, which is not digested in our body. It has no nutritive value, but it is important in our food because it

a.     retains water and

b.     helps the passage of food through the alimentary canal properly.

c.      helps in regular bowel movements.

28.  A child has cracks at the corner of his mouth, red and raw tongue, pain, numbness and loss of sensation in the limbs. Which vitamin deficiency is he suffering from?

He is suffering from deficiency of Vitamin B.

29.  List the importance of water in our diet.

a.     About 70 % of our body is composed of water.

b.     It acts as a medium for all chemical reactions occurring in our body.

c.      It regulates our body temperature.

d.     It is a universal solvent as it dissolves almost all minerals and other substances in it.

30.  What symptoms does a child suffering from the deficiency of proteins or carbohydrates show?

The child

a.     has stunted growth

b.     looks dull

c.      remains uninterested in anything.

d.     remains less active and gets tired easily.

e.      has loose skin and sunken eyes.

f.       has very thin and light coloured hair.

31.  What is a balanced diet? Give its importance.

Balanced diet is a diet containing all the nutrients required for the proper functioning of the body, in proper amount.

Balanced diet is important because it

a.     Gives us the energy our body needs to be active.

b.     keeps us growing and repairs our damaged body tissues

c.      keeps our body parts well-functioning

d.     protects us from diseases.

 

32.  Name two food rich in the following vitamins:

a.     Vitamin A – Spinach and Papaya

b.     Vitamin B – Sprouted pulses and green and leafy vegetables

c.      Vitamin C – Amla and Orange

d.     Vitamin D – Butter and ghee

33.  List the nutrients present in the given food items:

a.     Chapati – Carbohydrate and Protein

b.     Idli – Carbohydrate and Protein

c.      Daal – Protein, vitamins and minerals

d.     Butter – Fat, vitamins and minerals

e.     Rice – Carbohydrate, protein and vitamins

f.       Tomato – Vitamins

g.     Egg – Protein, vitamins and minerals

h.     Mango – Carbohydrate and vitamins

i.       Bread – Carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals

j.       Turnip – Vitamins and minerals

k.      Fish – Protein, vitamins and minerals

l.       Carrot – vitamins and minerals

m.   Cheese – Fat, protein and minerals

n.     Ice-cream – Fat, vitamins and minerals

o.     Meat – Protein, vitamins and minerals

p.     Chocolate – Carbohydrate, fat, vitamins and minerals

q.     Milk – Carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals

r.      Beet root – Vitamins and minerals