Biology: Heredity class 10 questions and answers

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J S Tutorial

Class 10 | Biology - Heredity | Full Marks: 30 | Time Alloted:   1 hr

Section A: Questions 1 to 18 carry 1 mark each

1. Which molecule carries genetic information in a cell?    a) DNA    b) RNA    c) Protein    d) Carbohydrate	2. The father of modern genetics is:    a) Charles Darwin    b) Louis Pasteur    c) Gregor Mendel    d) Albert Einstein
3. Which of the following represents the genotype for a homozygous recessive individual?    a) Aa    b) BB    c) AaBb    d) aa	4. If a trait is controlled by a recessive allele, how many dominant alleles are required to express the dominant trait?    a) One    b) Two    c) Three    d) None
5. In a dihybrid cross, Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that:    a) Genes on the same chromosome are inherited together.    b) Genes on different chromosomes segregate independently during gamete formation.    c) Genes on different chromosomes always assort together.    d) Genes on the same chromosome always assort independently.	6. Which of the following is the basic unit of heredity?    A. DNA    B. Cell    C. Gene    D. Chromosome
7. The process of the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next is called:    A. Evolution    B. Inheritance    C. Variation    D. Mutation	8. How many chromosomes are typically found in a human cell?    A. 23 pairs (46)    B. 46 pairs (92)    C. 22 pairs (44)    D. 24 pairs (48)
9. Mendel's law that states that an individual's characteristics are determined by pairs of genes is known as:    A. Law of Dominance    B. Law of Segregation    C. Law of Independent Assortment    D. Law of Multiple Alleles	10. In Mendel's experiments, what was the ratio of dominant to recessive traits in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross?    A. 1:1    B. 3:1    C. 9:3:3:1    D. 2:1
11. The term for having two identical alleles for a specific gene is:    A. Heterozygous    B. Homozygous    C. Hybrid    D. Recessive	12. If a person has blood type AB, what are the possible genotypes for their blood type?    A. IAIA    B. IBIB    C. IAIB    D. ii
13. The sex chromosomes in a human male are:     A. XX     B. XY     C. X     D. YY	14. The variation in traits due to environmental factors is called:     A. Genotypic variation     B. Genetic variation     C. Phenotypic variation     D. Allelic variation
15. Which of the following represents a homozygous recessive individual?     A. TT     B. Tt     C. tt     D. TTT	16. In a dihybrid cross, what is the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation if both traits exhibit complete dominance?     A. 9:3:3:1     B. 1:2:1     C. 3:1     D. 1:1
17. Which of the following can be used to determine the gender of an unborn child during pregnancy?     A. Ultrasound     B. Amniocentesis     C. Karyotype analysis     D. Blood test	18. The study of heredity and how traits are passed from one generation to another is known as:     A. Genetics     B. Evolution     C. Ecology     D. Microbiology

 

Section B

19.   Define heredity and give an example of a hereditary trait.
20.   Explain Mendel's Law of Segregation with an example.

21.   Differentiate between genotype and phenotype with examples.

22.   What is a Punnett square, and how is it used to predict genetic outcomes? 

23.   Discuss the significance of sex-linked genes in heredity. 

24.   Discuss the genetic basis of blood types (A, B, AB, and O) and how these traits are inherited.

 

 

 

 

 

Answers:

1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a, 5-b, 6-c, 7-b, 8-a, 9-b, 10-b, 11-b, 12-c, 13-b, 14-c, 15–c, 16-a, 17-c, 18-a

19.   Heredity is the passing of traits from one generation to the next through genetic information. Example: Eye colour.

20.   Mendel's Law of Segregation states that each individual has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles segregate (separate) during the formation of gametes. For example, in a heterozygous individual (Aa), the alleles A and a segregate during gamete formation.

21.   Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical trait. Example: Genotype - TT, Phenotype - Tall height.

22.   A Punnett square is a tool used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two individuals. It helps determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring.

23.   Sex-linked genes are located on sex chromosomes (X or Y) and can be inherited differently between males and females due to differences in their sex chromosome composition.

24.   Blood types are determined by multiple alleles (A, B, O) and their interactions. The inheritance is codominant and influenced by the presence of antigens on red blood cells.