12. Nutrition: Classes of
Foods Solutions
1. Choose the correct answer:
i. Which
of the following nutrients are energy-providing nutrients?
c) Both a) and b) (Fats and Carbohydrates)
ii.
Identify the bodybuilding nutrient:
a) Proteins
iii.
Green leafy vegetables provide which nutrients to the body?
d) Both B and C (Minerals and Vitamins)
iv. The
disease kwashiorkor is caused by severe deficiency of:
a) Proteins
v.
Absence of roughage in the diet leads to:
b) Constipation
vi.
Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of:
b) Vitamin C
vii.
Deficiency of iron in the diet causes:
a) Anaemia
viii.
Disorders like high blood pressure and heart problems are due to:
a) Consumption of saturated fats
ix.
Benedict’s solution is used for testing the presence of:
b) Sugar
x. Which
mineral is required by the body to form haemoglobin?
a) Iron
xi.
Assertion (A): Simple sugars get directly absorbed into the body and do not
require digestion.
Reason (R): Glucose is the simplest carbohydrate.
a) Both A and R are true
xii.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the features of
nutrients present in our food?
a) Only 1 and 2
2. Name
the following:
i. Major
nutrients present in foods.
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water
ii.
Elements which compose carbohydrates.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
iii.
Building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids
iv.
Fat-soluble vitamins.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K
v.
Mineral present in haemoglobin.
Iron
vi.
Sources of vitamins A, C, and E in our diet.
Vitamin A - Carrots, spinach
Vitamin C - Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons)
Vitamin E - Nuts, seeds
vii.
Three deficiency diseases.
Scurvy, Rickets, Anaemia
viii.
Mineral responsible for causing goitre.
Iodine
ix. Two
forms of PEM.
Kwashiorkor, Marasmus
3. Complete the following table:
|
Minerals |
Sources |
|
Iodine |
Iodized salt, seafood |
|
Sodium |
Common salt, cheese |
|
Calcium |
Milk, green leafy vegetables |
|
Fluorine |
Drinking water, seafood |
4. Name the vitamins present in the following:
i. Citrus fruits –
Vitamin C
ii. Yeast – Vitamin B-complex
iii. Carrot – Vitamin A
iv. Egg yolk – Vitamin D
v. Germinated wheat grains – Vitamin B-complex
vi. Whole grains – Vitamin B-complex
5. Define the following:
i.
Malnutrition – A condition caused by deficiency or excess
intake of nutrients.
ii. Undernutrition – A condition where a person does not get enough
nutrients for proper growth and development.
iii. Deficiency disease – A disease caused due to lack of a specific
nutrient in the diet.
iv. PEM (Protein Energy Malnutrition) – A condition caused by severe
deficiency of proteins and energy-giving foods.
6. Answer the following questions in brief:
i. Why do
we need food?
Food provides energy, helps in body growth, and maintains bodily functions.
ii.
Define nutrients.
Nutrients are substances in food that provide energy and essential elements for
body growth and maintenance.
iii. Why
is it necessary to include cellulose in our diet?
Cellulose acts as roughage, aiding digestion and preventing constipation.
iv.
Mention the role of water in our body.
Water helps in digestion, absorption, temperature regulation, and waste
removal.
v. How
much energy is provided when one gram of a carbohydrate is oxidized within our
body?
4 kcal of energy.
vi.
Cellulose, though a carbohydrate, does not serve as food for us. Explain.
Humans lack the enzyme cellulase to digest cellulose.
vii. Name
the different types of proteins present in our body and state their functions.
Structural proteins (Collagen), Enzymes (Amylase), Transport proteins
(Haemoglobin).
viii. Do
proteins ever serve as a source of energy? If yes, when?
Yes, during starvation or inadequate carbohydrate intake.
ix. Why
are unsaturated fats better than saturated fats for humans?
Unsaturated fats reduce the risk of heart diseases, while saturated fats
increase cholesterol levels.
x. Name
the vitamin which is synthesized by our body by interaction with sunlight.
Vitamin D
xi. Other
than vitamin D, which other vitamin is synthesized in our body?
Vitamin K (by gut bacteria).
xii. Why
are vitamins considered an essential component of our diet?
Vitamins regulate body processes and prevent deficiency diseases.
xiii.
Describe the nutritional role of any two minerals.
Iron – Forms haemoglobin for oxygen transport.
Calcium – Strengthens bones and teeth.
xiv. Why
do doctors advise women to take extra iron in their diet during pregnancy?
To prevent anaemia and ensure proper oxygen supply to the baby.
xv. Why
do children need to take more calcium?
For proper bone and teeth development.
xvi. What
is a balanced diet? Why is it necessary for our diet?
A diet containing all nutrients in the right amounts; essential for growth and
good health.
xvii.
While constituting a balanced diet, which principles are to be kept in mind?
Include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water in
appropriate amounts.
xviii.
Differentiate between undernutrition and overnutrition.
Undernutrition – Deficiency of nutrients.
Overnutrition – Excess intake of nutrients leading to obesity.
7. Give differences between the following:
i.
Proteins
and carbohydrates
|
Proteins |
Carbohydrates |
|
Bodybuilding nutrients |
Energy-providing nutrients |
|
Composed of amino acids |
Composed of glucose molecules |
ii.
Saturated
fats and unsaturated fats
|
Saturated Fats |
Unsaturated Fats |
|
Solid
at room temperature |
Liquid at room temperature |
|
Found in butter, cheese |
Found in oils, nuts |
8. What
causes marasmus disease? What is the main cause of this disease in India?
Caused due to severe deficiency of proteins
and calories. In India, it occurs due to poverty and malnutrition.
9. A
doctor examined a child below the age of 3 years and suggested a protein-rich
diet. Write any two symptoms the doctor might have noticed in the child.
- Extreme
weight loss
- Thin
limbs with prominent ribs
10. How
will you test for the presence of the following in various food items?
i. Starch – Add iodine; turns
blue-black.
ii. Sugar – Add Benedict’s solution; turns brick-red on heating.
iii. Protein – Add Biuret reagent; turns purple.
iv. Fat – Rubbing food on paper makes it translucent.
v. Water – Heat food; presence of water forms vapors.
11. What
are the characteristic features of a child suffering from kwashiorkor? How can
it be overcome?
Features: Swollen belly, thin limbs,
skin peeling.
Solution: Protein-rich diet including pulses, eggs, and milk.
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